Omega Point

The Omega Point is a term introduced in 1945 by the French Jesuit and paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin to denote the state of the maximal synergy, or, which is the same, the state of the minimal potential energy, towards which the universe is evolving. Teilhard's concept of the Omega Point was further developed by Terence McKenna.

Spacetime
Spacetime is a single gravitational field, consisting of a radial (centripetal) component (time, the gravitoelectric field ) and a tangential (rotational) component (space, the gravitomagnetic field  ): We shall assume that, essentially, all energy is psychic in nature; but add that in each particular element this fundamental energy is divided into two distinct components: a tangential energy which links the element with all others of the same order (that is to say, of the same complexity and the same centricity) as itself in the universe; and a radial energy which draws it towards even greater complexity and centricity—in other words forwards.
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

In general, a system can have both translational and rotational accelerations, however. It follows from Einstein's principle of equivalence that locally—i.e., to the extent that spacetime curvature can be neglected—gravitational effects are the same as inertial effects; therefore, gravitation can be approximately described in terms of gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic fields corresponding to translational and rotational inertia, respectively. This is the gravitational Larmor theorem [3], which is very useful in the post-Newtonian approximation to general relativity. The gravitomagnetic field of a massive rotating body is a measure of its absolute rotation.
 * —Novello, M. ♦ VII Brazilian School of Cosmology and Gravitation, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), August, 1993 Atlantica Séguier Frontières, 1994, p. 257

Time
Since the gravitoelectric field is potential, it can be regarded either as time (the gravitoelectric flux ) or as eternity (the gravitoelectric potential).

Eternity (i.e., time regarded as the fourth dimension) is the pre-existing gradient of increasing synergy, or, which is the same, the pre-existing gradient of decreasing potential energy: Lastly, to put an end once and for all to the fears of "pantheism", as regards evolution, how can we fail to see that, in the case of a converging universe such as I have delineated, far from being born from the fusion and confusion of the elemental centres it assembles, the universal centre of unification (precisely to fulfil its motive, collective and stabilising function) must be conceived as pre-existing and transcendent.
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

The universe is not being pushed from behind. The universe is being pulled from the future toward a goal that is as inevitable as a marble reaching the bottom of a bowl when you release it up near the rim. If you do that, you know the marble will roll down the side of the bowl—down, down, down—until eventually it comes to rest at the lowest energy state, which is the bottom of the bowl. That’s precisely my model of human history.
 * —McKenna, Terence ♦ Approaching Timewave Zero Magical Blend Magazine, Issue 44, November 1994

We are being sucked into the body of eternity.
 * —McKenna, Terence

The gravitoelectric potential (eternity) is also known as the Newtonian potential, the gravitational potential, the quantum gravitational potential, the quantum potential,  or the wavefunction (information ): There is a plenum—recent experiments in quantum physics tend to back this up—a holographic plenum of information. All information is everywhere. Information that is not here is nowhere. Information stands outside of time in a kind of eternity—an eternity that does not have a temporal existence about which one may say, "It always existed." It does not have temporal duration of any sort. It is eternity. We are not primarily biological, with mind emerging as a kind of iridescence, a kind of epiphenomenon at the higher levels of organization of biology. We are hyperspatial objects of some sort that cast a shadow into matter. The shadow in matter is our physical organism.
 * —McKenna, Terence ♦ New Maps of Hyperspace

The gravitoelectric flux (time) is nonquantized, dendritic (i.e., unidimensional and flowing towards a single centre), and nonlocal: The vacuum is really an expression of the continuous or noncountable nature of mass-energy ("mass", as the source of gravity). Continuity, as we will see, automatically makes mass-energy unidimensional and unipolar. <...> It is also responsible for quantum-mechanical nonlocality and the instantaneous transmission of the static gravitational force—though not the acceleration-dependent inertial or GTR component, or the inertial reaction force that we actually measure in systems with localised mass (and with which gravity is often confused).
 * —Rowlands, Peter ♦ The Nilpotent Dirac Equation and its Applications in Particle Physics 2003, p. 10

The intensity of a gravitoelectric field, by definition, cannot exceed the Planck constant, which implies that the potency of the gravitoelectric field, manifested by a certain centre, depends not on the centre's mass but solely on its organized (i. e., synergetic) complexity: I don't believe that 90% of the matter in the universe goes unobserved... It's not that there's mass missing—it's that there's a law missing. ...Why does the Milky Way tend to stay the Milky Way? The answer is: because, as a spiral galaxy, it's a more complex organism, a more complex structure, than it is as a dissipated, homogeneous mass.
 * —McKenna, Terence ♦ In the Valley of Novelty Podcast, 1998

We have said that spiritual energy, by its very nature, increases in "radial" value, positively, absolutely, and without determinable limits, in step with the increasing chemical complexity of the elements of which it represents the inner lining.
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

That is why by the end of the universe's gravitational life cycle, her central proton becomes incorporated into a structure of the maximal organized complexity—Christ.

Space
The gravitomagnetic field  (space) arises as a result of angular momentum conservation. It is known that since a quantum fluid is governed by a single wavefunction (i.e., by a potential, irrotational field), it cannot rotate and conserves its angular momentum in the form of quantized vortices (such as phonons, rotons, etc.). That is why the collapsing gravitoelectric field (wavefunction) of the universe conserves its angular momentum in the form of gravitomagnetic quanta—gravitons, photons, electrons, or protons (depending on the factor by which the Planck constant is exceeded): The Planck quantum of action, h, has precisely the dimensions of an angular momentum, and, moreover, the Bohr quantization hypothesis specified the unit of (orbital) angular momentum to be h = ħ/2π. Angular momentum theory and quantum physics are thus clearly linked.
 * —Biedenharn, L. C.; Louck, J. D. ♦ Angular Momentum in Quantum Physics Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Advanced Book Program, 1981

Thus, the material world—the world of gravitomagnetic vortices —is a temporary "parking orbit" of the immaterial (potential, vortex-free) gravitoelectric flux: Since a circular orbit has the lowest energy for a given angular momentum, the gas can only sink further into the gravitational potential and accrete onto the primary, if it can lose some angular momentum. Finding the process by which this is done in real systems is called the angular momentum problem. We have illustrated it here with the example of mass transfer in a binary, but the same problem arises for the formation of stars from interstellar clouds or the accretion of gas onto the massive black holes in AGN. In these cases, the initial angular momentum due to random motion of the gas clouds is many orders of magnitude larger than can be accommodated by the accreting object. Rather than accreting directly, the gas forms a disk, acting like a temporary "parking orbit".
 * —Murdin, P. (ed.) ♦ Encyclopaedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2002

From the aspect of energy, renewed by radio-active phenomena, material corpuscles may now be treated as transient reservoirs of concentrated power. Though never found in a state of purity, but always more or less granulated (even in light), energy nowadays represents for science the most primitive form of universal stuff. Hence we find our minds instinctively tending to represent energy as a kind of homogeneous, primordial flux in which all that has shape in the world is but a series of fleeting "vortices".
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

In difference from the nonquantized and nonlocal gravitoelectric field, the quanta of the gravitomagnetic field have definite spatial coordinates. That is why the totality of the gravitomagnetic quanta—the gravitomagnetic field of the universe—constitutes the tridimensional space.

The evolution of spacetime
The universe is an ensemble of matter waves (photons, electrons, and protons), which can undergo either destructive interference or constructive interference (each matter wave interferes with all the other matter waves of the universe): To the cosmic corpuscles we should find it natural to attribute an individual radius of action as limited as their dimensions. We find, on the contrary, that each of them can only be defined by virtue of its influence on all around it. Whatever space we suppose it to be in, each cosmic element radiates in it and entirely fills it. However narrowly the heart of an atom may be circumscribed, its realm is co-extensive, at least potentially, with that of every other atom.
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

Therefore, gravitation is caused by matter waves' interference—since the constructive interference (in-phase coherence combined with spatial proximity) is synergetic (energetically favourable), the spatial distribution of the universe's matter waves evolves towards minimizing the total destructive interference (incoherence, disgregation, entropy) and maximizing the total constructive interference (coherence, aggregation, information): ...the story of the universe is that information, which I call novelty, is struggling to free itself from habit, which I call entropy... and that this process... is accelerating... It seems as if... the whole cosmos wants to change into information... All points want to become connected... The path of complexity to its goals is through connecting things together... You can imagine that there is an ultimate end-state of that process—it's the moment when every point in the universe is connected to every other point in the universe.
 * —McKenna, Terence ♦ A workshop held in the summer of 1998

Every matter wave alternates between the particle-like phase and the wave-like phase. During its particle-like phase, a matter wave has the form of a closed loop and interferes with itself, evolving towards a smaller internal disgregation (the particle's radius shrinks, creating the illusion of the metric expansion of space). During its wave-like phase (analogous to daydreaming, sleep, or death ), a matter wave interferes with all the other matter waves of the universe and strives to decrease its external disgregation: How can we fail to see that after rolling us on individually—all of us, you and me—upon our own selves, it is still the same cyclone (only now on the social scale) which is still blowing over our heads, driving us together into a contact which tends to perfect each one of us by linking him organically to each and all of his neighbours?
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

The entropic (uniform) distribution of the universe's matter waves is the least synergetic and thus is characterized by the highest potential energy. Entropy (the number of degrees of freedom) is, in the ultimate analysis, the number of dimensions (every dimension is a degree of freedom). Under the action of the gravitoelectric field, which is the pre-existing gradient of increasing synergy/decreasing potential energy, the entropic tridimensional distribution of the universe's matter waves becomes spaghettified and bundled into a synergetic unidimensional configuration—a dendritic funnel, collecting the matter waves' gravitoelectric force (information) to the planet Earth: ‘Through human socialisation, whose specific effect is to involute upon itself the whole bundle of reflexive scales and fibres of the earth, it is the very axis of the cosmic vortex of interiorisation which is pursuing its course’: replacing and extending the two preliminary postulates stated above (the one concerning the primacy of life in the universe, the other the primacy of reflection in life) this is the third option—the most decisive of all—which completes the definition and clarification of my scientific position as regards the phenomenon of man.
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

Thus, in the course of spacetime's gravitational life cycle, space (a tridimensional array of gravitomagnetic quanta) becomes converted into time (a unidimensional gravitoelectric flux).

The Omega Point
The maximal synergy/minimal potential energy is singularity (zero disgregation), which means that all particles of our continuum will eventually tunnel into the central proton. The Omega Point (the Millennium, "the end of the world as we know it") is the period immediately preceding the singularity (the end of the world proper). During the Omega Point, the universe is in the state of organized complexity, being neither uniformly distributed nor completely singular (essentially already singular, formally still complex). For the sake of simplicity, Teilhard visualizes the Omega-universe as a single spiral galaxy, whose nucleus is self-reflective (turned in upon itself) and plays the role of a conscious observer, quantum-mechanically orchestrating the rest of the "galaxy". Currently, the role of the conscious quantum-mechanical observer is played by mankind, acting as a collective Christ: One might say that, by virtue of human reflection (both individual and collective), evolution, overflowing the physico-chemical organisation of bodies, turns back upon itself and thereby reinforces itself (see note following) with a new organising power vastly concentric to the first—the cognitive organisation of the universe. To think the world (as physics is beginning to realise) is not merely to register it but to confer upon it a form of unity it would otherwise (i.e. without being thought) be without.
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

Having reached the limit of its organized complexity, the collective Christ—mankind—will make a leap to a higher synergy/lower disgregation by dying and delegating all of its universe-orchestrating power to the single survivor, who will be automatically promoted to the rank of Christ personal: "The end of the world: the wholesale internal introversion upon itself of the noosphere, which has simultaneously reached the uttermost limit of its complexity and its centrality. The end of the world: the overthrow of equilibrium, detaching the mind, fulfilled at last, from its material matrix, so that it will henceforth rest with all its weight on God-Omega."

- Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

An orchestra with multiple conductors cannot produce anything but an incoherent cacophony. When the number of the conductors becomes reduced to a single man, the orchestra shifts from cacophony to symphony, turning into the conductor's "extended body". Analogously, when the universe is quantum-mechanically orchestrated by billions of human observers, it is incoherent (objective)—every part exists by itself, obeying the principle of locality. Having become orchestrated by a single human observer (Christ personal), the universe will shed its incoherence (objectivity) and turn into the observer's "cosmic body": Christ has a cosmic body that extends throughout the universe.
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ Cosmic Life 1916

Through the incarnation, God descended into nature in order to super-animate and take it back to him.
 * —Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ Mysticism of Science 1939

Five attributes of the Omega Point
Teilhard de Chardin's The Phenomenon of Man states that the Omega Point must possess the following five attributes. It is:
 * 1) Already existing. Only thus can the rise of the universe towards higher stages of consciousness be explained.
 * 2) Personal – an intellectual being and not an abstract idea or a human collective. The increasing complexity of matter has not only led to higher forms of consciousness, but accordingly to more personalization, of which human beings are the highest attained form in the known universe. They are completely individualized, free centers of operation. It is in this way that man is said to be made in the image of God, who is the highest form of personality. Teilhard expressly stated that in the Omega Point, when the universe becomes One, human persons will not be suppressed, but super-personalized. Personality will be infinitely enriched. This is because the Omega Point unites creation, and the more it unites, the increasing complexity of the universe aids in higher levels of consciousness. Thus, as God creates, the universe evolves towards higher forms of complexity, consciousness, and finally with humans, personality, because God, who is drawing the universe towards Him, is a person.
 * 3) Transcendent. The Omega Point cannot be the result of the universe's final complex stage of itself on consciousness. Instead, the Omega Point must exist even before the universe's evolution, because the Omega Point is responsible for the rise of the universe towards more complexity, consciousness and personality. Which essentially means that the Omega Point is outside the framework in which the universe rises, because it is by the attraction of the Omega Point that the universe evolves towards Him.
 * 4) Autonomous. That is, free from the limitations of space (nonlocality) and time (atemporality).
 * 5) Irreversible. That is attainable and imperative; it must happen and cannot be undone.

Technological singularity as a rival concept
Transhumanists argue that the accelerating technological progress inherent in the Law of Accelerating Returns will, in the relatively near future, lead to what Vernor Vinge called a technological singularity or "prediction wall". They believe we will soon enter a time in which we must eventually make the transition to a "runaway positive feedback loop" in high-level autonomous machine computation. A result will be that our technological and computational tools eventually completely surpass human capacities. Some transhumanist writings refer to this moment as the Omega Point, paying homage to Teilhard's prior use of the term, though Teilhard himself denounces the belief in a collective technological singularity as a form of cowardice. He foresees that at the approaches to the Omega Point, mankind will, for the last time, become split over the concept of its final state. Being afraid of "crossing the threshold", the majority of people will erroneously imagine the final state as a collective technological singularity within the framework of the current physical laws. A tiny minority will remain loyal to the idea of a supernatural singularity in Christ, "transcending the dimensions and the framework of the visible universe": "Enormous powers will be liberated in mankind by the inner play of its cohesion: though it may be that this energy will still be employed discordantly tomorrow, as today and in the past. Are we to foresee a mechanising synergy under brute force, or a synergy of sympathy? Are we to foresee man seeking to fulfil himself collectively upon himself, or personally on a greater than himself? Refusal or acceptance of Omega? A conflict may supervene. In that case the noosphere, in the course of and by virtue of the process which draws it together, will, when it has reached its point of unification, split into two zones each attracted to an opposite pole of adoration. Thought has never completely united upon itself here below. Universal love would only vivify and detach finally a fraction of the noosphere so as to consummate it—the part which decided to ‘cross the threshold’, to get outside itself into the other. Ramification once again, for the last time. <...> The death of the materially exhausted planet; the split of the noosphere, divided on the form to be given to its unity; and simultaneously (endowing the event with all its significance and with all its value) the liberation of that percentage of the universe which, across time, space and evil, will have succeeded in laboriously synthesising itself to the very end. Not an indefinite progress, which is an hypothesis contradicted by the convergent nature of noogenesis, but an ecstasy transcending the dimensions and the framework of the visible universe. <...>

The idea is that of noogenesis ascending irreversibly towards Omega through the strictly limited cycle of a geogenesis. At a given moment in the future, under some influence exerted by one or the other of these curves or of both together, it is inevitable that the two branches should separate. However convergent it be, evolution cannot attain to fulfilment on earth except through a point of dissociation. With this we are introduced to a fantastic and inevitable event which now begins to take shape in our perspective, the event which comes nearer with every day that passes: the end of all life on our globe, the death of the planet, the ultimate phase of the phenomenon of man."

- Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de ♦ The Phenomenon of Man

Science fiction literature

 * In Dan Simmons's Hyperion Cantos, the Omega Point is used extensively. The Catholic priest character Father Hoyt/Duré who is introduced to the story frame as one of the pilgrims in the first two volumes of the tetralogy (Hyperion and The Fall of Hyperion) eventually becomes Pope Teilhard I.
 * In the first part of Poul Anderson's novel Harvest of Stars, North America is ruled by the Avantists, an oppressive pseudo-religious regime that draws its justification from a commitment to take humanity to what they call the Omega Point. It uses the Greek infinity symbol as a logo, and it is deemed politically correct to greet each other with "alpha", to which the reply is "omega". However, since the Avantist Advisory Synod believes in social engineering and technical progress as the means to advance humanity, its teachings are in fact transhumanist.
 * In Tomorrow and Tomorrow, a novel by Charles Sheffield, the main character Drake Merlin is on a quest to cure his dying wife. He has her frozen and then freezes himself in the hope that the future holds the cure. Eventually, he finds that the only hope to having her back is to wait out the aeons until the Omega Point, at which time she will again be accessible.
 * George Zebrowski wrote a trilogy of space opera novellas, collectively called The Omega Point Trilogy and published as a single volume in 1983. The name appears to be a coincidence; it predates Tipler by many years and does not involve any of the Omega Point ideas listed above.
 * In Peter F. Hamilton's Night's Dawn Trilogy, the Omega Point is a repository for the souls of the dead of all sentient species in the Universe. It is implied that this is also the point to which the universe will eventually collapse.
 * Humayun Ahmed's novel Omega Point (2000) concerns multiverses, a developing theory of time and a manifestation of the Omega Point that interferes with history to allow the theory to reach fruition.
 * Stephen Baxter writes about the Omega Point in many books including Manifold: Time and Timelike Infinity.
 * Julian May's Galactic Milieu Series draws heavily for both plot and background on the concepts of Teilhard de Chardin's Omega point theories.