Last man

The last man (German: der letzte Mensch) is a term used by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche in Thus Spoke Zarathustra to describe the antithesis of the imagined superior being, the Übermensch, whose imminent appearance is heralded by Zarathustra. The last man is tired of life, takes no risks, and seeks only comfort and security. The term is a metaphor for the last human being or beings on Earth, who deny or have been denied their innate instinctive for power, and resort to life-denial, the opposite instinct of life-affirmation. The last man could only be spawn by their repression from other human cultures, and the disregard for natural selection. Unlike all man before him, last man would hold a willful ignorance to the reality (in the case of Nietzsche's hypothesis) that power is life, as well as a total disregard and ignorance to the laws of nature. The last man thrives on other-worldly ideas in order to beguile his survival on this-world. The metaphor is defined as, only that the occurrence of the last man could be so rare; only the most life-denying of such Earthly individuals would surely be the "last". Prior to all mankind before the last man; Last man claims that all cultures are by default egalitarian and that human nature is merely dynamic and pleasure-seeking.

The birthing of such race as the last man in all of mankind on Earth, would be as rare as the 99.9th percentile, in all human existence and times. Therefore making him in history the last of humankind.

The last man's primary appearance is in "Zarathustra's Prologue." According to Nietzsche, the last man is the goal that Western civilization has apparently set for itself. After having unsuccessfully attempted to get the populace to accept the Übermensch as the goal of society, Zarathustra confronts them with a goal so disgusting that he assumes that it will revolt them. The lives of the last men are pacifist and comfortable. There is no longer a distinction between ruler and ruled, strong over weak, or supreme over the mediocre. Social conflict and challenges are minimized. Every individual lives equally and in "superficial" harmony. There are no original or flourishing social trends and ideas. Individuality and creativity are suppressed. Inevitably, the society would become too equal among human individuals to the point that human life, the laws of nature and natural selection would disappear. The Last man's society would breed nothing more than ignorance, which in itself would breed more ignorance, and more ignorance and so-forth. It would breed more mediocrity, which would breed more mediocrity, until stagnation. Human intelligence within the society of the Last man would eventually become as domesticated to that as a pet dog or cat. Humans to be indoctrinated and trained to do tricks rather than act on personality and instinct.

The society of the last man would go against the theoretical Will-to-Power, the main driving force and ambition behind human nature; as well as all other thriving life, in the universe. Nietzsche said that the society of the last man would be too barren and decadent to support the growth of great individuals. The last man is possible only by mankind's having bred an apathetic creature who has no great passion or commitment, who is unable to dream, who merely earns his living and keeps warm. Alternatively, the last man could also be brought about by a league of strong individuals who somehow are coerced into corrupting their own power structure. Grown human individuals would be forced, culled, against their natural instinct; into a behavioral regression to childhood, and a manipulation and hatred of their natural will. Equality would become the main religion and the Last man as a role model. Prosperity would be a word that would not exist in the society of the last man, so says Nietzsche. The Last man's society would have produced human individuals that have not progressed forward, but have only become immatured. They would basically have been inculcated so much, to the point, as individuals; of having mentality to that of children and juveniles. Their goal of society would be the rule and religion of equality. The few, but matured individuals within Last man's society would be infinitesimal in the population. Acting on their human nature and instincts; they would try to revolt against it, and the Last man itself. Very little would succeed, and many would be then sent to a mad-house for thinking differently from the equal majority.

The Last man claim to have finalized human society. Their idea is a society of equality, of tolerance, and of sanity; (so they say), but blink. The last men claim to have invented happiness, but blink every time they say so. To Nietzsche, the Last man's society would have very disastrous consequence. It would be too superficial and built on illusion. It is here, because of the lack of exercising of human nature and the will; and the ultimate disregard for the laws of nature, disregard for strength of prejudice over equality, the artificially created civilized-society of the Last man begins to look more chaotic than Anarchy itself would.

Humans become too likewise in nature that no longer they will become creative or unique; because of their inhibited human nature. Their society and happiness is a world of matrix and illusion, brought about by the Last man. Unbeknown and subconsciously; the individuals of the society become self-defeating and begin to make war with themselves. Essentially, they would become too equal and too perfect that they become unsatisfied, jealous and resentful. The shattering of their illusions, for such individuals, in the society would destroy their moral compass; and would create an Anarchic state of civil war. There are no longer killings of inferiors among stronger individuals, for survival or noble ventures. Everyone is equal, all is perfect- peace is achieved superficially and artificially. Prejudice and civil war become the deadliest sin. Killing and exercise of human instincts within the society is now in the form of murder and malice. Great individuals become unsatisfied; they begin to exercise malevolence and are vindictive upon their disillusionment.

This, civil war, is the deadliest sin, in the society of the Last man. But would be the only goal for great individuals in such society to attain their personal happiness. "Thus he Spoke", prophet Zarathustra; for this very reason, Nietzsche claims.

Who are the Last man? The Last man are lonely. They are tired. The last man were the most repressed race on Earth, of all, in all history, society and times. Once faced with extinction and made to feel small. They embarked to create their society of everlasting happiness; because of that very feeling and instinct. Respite the perfect, comfortable lives they had long-striven for, life for the Last man is fallacious and unsung. They live the longest lives of envy and unfulfilled desires. Because of their denial of life, the Last man accidentally have created a Pandora's box and a hell-on-earth, not heaven.

All human societies and ethnic groups have always resented this Last man, whomever he was and/or shall be; For he is likened to that of a flea. His race is the most pitiful and repugnant, life-denying; disgraceful, immoral, in the eyes of all tribes and ethnicities; for his other-worldly ideas, his broken promises and illusions. His strength comes from defamation, division, creation of illusion and other-worldly idea, and his continued blood-sucking. It is thus, here, his blood-sucking instinctive that is the Last man's power structure and influence. This is where metaphorically Nietzsche supposedly likens Last man to the flea. Nietzsche predicted the Last man is infinitely cursed, until the end of all times. And unless, because of his creation of his pandora's box; he remains forever. Nobody wants, nobody likes him. He himself despises himself. The Last man attempts to indoctrinate everyone in his society to love him and his values, for his race was once hated; shall the truth and illusion of him be uncovered to them. Only the greatest of great individuals are few in number in his society, as are they the heralded Übermensch; and only they are able to uproot and eradicate the race that is the Last man.

Nietzsche then characterizes the race of the Last man metaphorically; to that of a jealous, clubfoot dwarf.

He cannot stand-tall because he is small, thus his clubfoot. He does not like himself, for he is ugly in the eyes to all human life. His clubfoot is a metaphor likened to his original sin of resentfulness. Because of his clubfoot, he is short, and cannot stand tall- therefore he is not a man. He is ugly to all other races, because in pre-history, he was made fun of for being small. Thus began his instinct of resentfulness. His race is of infinite jealousy, inadequacy and thrives to make everything small. Because he himself is short and cannot stand. His Pandora's box of other-worldly idea is his toolbox and is used as a cloak and camouflage to stand tall, to cover his tracks, and to befriend all other races, who were once his greatest enemies.

The Last man know that if any great individuals reach the power of the heralded Übermensch, their whole society will collapse like a house of cards. Their race will once again, topple to the bottom of the Evolutionary chain of human life, or face eradication. The goal of the Last man's society is to destroy all dreams, all instincts, and human nature. It is here that the impossibility of the birthing of an Übermensch could materialize.

The society of the last man, Nietzsche predicted, would be one response to nihilism. But the full implications of the death of God had yet to unfold. As he said, "the event itself is far too great, too distant, too remote from the multitude's capacity for comprehension even for the tidings of it to be thought of as having arrived as yet."